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 | Smart grids | |  | | The dominant electric model to date has been based on large power generation away from the final consumer and a unidirectional relationship with thousands of customers liabilities. Currently, the problems of low voltage power supply are usually detected by the customers to inform the utility, given the limited monitoring of low voltage networks. |
Theme : Industrial energy use |
The microcogeneration | | | |
Microgeneration described as a system of small heat and power generation equipment (under 50 kW) in buildings, based on the use of heating and hot water to generate electricity. It uses the heat of the hot water and heating. This system avoids the cost and loss of power transmission and distribution, because the energy is generated at the same point at which it is consumed. It describes the main technologies available are: internal combustion engines, the external combustion and microturbines. |
Theme : Energy efficiency |
Energy efficiency in the home | | | |
This deals with energy use in the home and the environmental impact it may have. Once the amount of energy a Spanish home uses has been established, this report aims to advise the public on the immediate measures that can be adopted and what investments can be made to save energy in the home, from different points of view.
The focus is eminently practical, while maintaining rigorous academic standards of presentation. |
Theme : Energy efficiency |
Energy efficiency and use in housing | Addressed the use of energy in the housing and the environmental impact that this may cause. Once given the energy he spends a house in Spain, are trying to advise the public of the measures can be taken immediately or the actions that need investment to save energy in homes, from different aspects and perspectives.
The approach is practical, but maintaining the rigor and the level of presentation. |
Theme : Energy efficiency |
Thermal solar energy and natural gas in buildings | | | | Thermal solar energy works using thermal traps to capture the sun's energy to produce domestic hot water. Natural gas is the support energy (needed to avoid lapses in supply due to lack of sun) with the least impact on the environment and which produces the least polluting gases. The Technical Building Code (CTE) provides a regulatory framework setting out the basic standards that buildings must comply with to ensure building safety and sustainability in Spain. |
Theme : Energy in the home |
Natural gas as a transport fuel. | | | | The use of Natural Gas in some of the buses, lorries, taxis and cars in a city could prevent a great deal of pollutant emission. The environmental advantages of Natural Gas are that it does not contain lead or traces of any other heavy metals, it minimises emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbides, it does not emit solid particles in suspension or sulphur dioxide (SO2) and it offers lower noise levels. |
Theme : Energy in transport |
Hydrogen and fuel cells in transport | | | | Work is being carried out to make hydrogen generate electricity in what are known as "fuel cells". This is a device which does not run down or need recharging; the fuel (hydrogen) reacts with the oxygen in the air to generate electricity directly, giving off water vapour. The main environmental problem lies in obtaining hydrogen. As it is not available as a natural resource, it needs to be produced from a compound that contains it, natural gas (CH4).
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Theme : Energy in transport |
The environmental advantages of combined cycle power plants | | | | Natural gas combined cycle plants reduce energy consumption, atmospheric pollution, water consumption, land occupation and the impact produced by the movement of lorries bringing raw materials, as natural gas is supplied through a pipeline. Wastage of electric power is also reduced, because of the proximity of the end consumption points, and the initial investment is lower. The efficiency of a combined cycle plant is approximately 60%, while that of a conventional thermal plant is about 37%. |
Theme : Heat and power generation |
Climate change: man-made causes and alternatives to mitigate it. | | | | Climate change is the modification of climate locally or globally, produced by natural causes or certain human activities. Man-made greenhouse gas emissions contribute to the increased rate of global warming. Man-made carbon dioxide emissions are the main cause of the worsening of the greenhouse effect. |
Theme : Energy and global environment |
The environmental impact of different sources of energy used to produce electricity | | | | The environmental impacts of eight electricity generating technologies are compared using life cycle analysis.
Environmental impacts can be local or global, the former derived from production, transport and consumption of energy sources while the latter (climate change, acid rain, etc.) affect the whole world.
The results of a study comparing eight technologies for generating electricity are presented, according to their more or less negative contribution to particular environmental problems. |
Theme : Heat and power generation |
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